Top 10 Healthy Foods for Hair

Read on for the 10 top foods that should be the foundation of your healthy hair diet.

Healthy Hair Food No. 1: Salmon
When it comes to foods that pack a beauty punch, it's hard to beat salmon. Loaded with omega-3 fatty acids, this high-quality protein source is also filled with vitamin B-12 and iron.


Healthy Hair Food No. 2: Dark Green Vegetables
Spinach, like broccoli and Swiss chard, is an excellent source of vitamins A and C, which your body needs to produce sebum. The oily substance, secreted by your hair follicles, is the body's natural hair conditioner. Dark green vegetables also provide iron and calcium.


Healthy Hair Food No. 3: Beans
Legumes like kidney beans and lentils should be an important part of your hair-care diet. Not only do they provide plentiful protein to promote hair growth, but ample iron, zinc, and biotin. While rare, biotin deficiencies can result in brittle hair.


Healthy Hair Food No. 4: Nuts
Walnuts contain alpha-linolenic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid that may help condition your hair. They are also a terrific source of zinc, as are cashews, pecans, and almonds. A zinc deficiency can lead to hair shedding, so make sure nuts are a regular on your healthy hair menu.


Healthy Hair Food No. 5: Poultry
Chickens and turkeys may have feathers, but the high-quality protein they provide will help give you the healthy hair you crave. Poultry also provides iron with a high degree of bioavailability, meaning your body can easily reap its benefits.


Healthy Hair Food No. 6: Eggs
Eggs are one of the best protein sources you can find. They also contain biotin and vitamin B-12, which are important beauty nutrients.

Healthy Hair Food No. 7: Whole Grains
Sink your teeth into hearty whole grains, including whole-wheat bread and fortified whole-grain breakfast cereals, for a hair-healthy dose of zinc, iron, and B vitamins.


Healthy Hair Food No. 8: Oysters
The key to oysters' hair-boosting abilities is zinc -- a powerful antioxidant.


Healthy Hair Food No. 9: Low-Fat Dairy Products
Low-fat dairy products like skim milk and yogurt are great sources of calcium, an important mineral for hair growth. They also contain whey and casein, two high-quality protein sources.


Healthy Hair Food No. 10: Carrots
Carrots are an excellent source of vitamin A, which promotes a healthy scalp along with good vision.

Source: WebMD

لک صـورت

لک صـورت يا ملاسـما يک عـارضه پوستی شـايع بخصوص در دختران و خانمهای جوان ميباشد اين عارضه بصورت لکه های قهـوه ای تا خـاکستری تيره بر روی گونه ها ؛ پيشانی و چانه ديده ميشود. شـايعـترين سنين بروز آن 20 تا 30 سالگی است و در خانمها از آقـايان ميباشد.

عـلت های زيادی در ايجـاد آن نقـش دارند ولي ثابت ترين علـت را اشعـه ماورابنفش خورشيد ميدانند . يعنی هميشه اين علت باضافه علل ديگر را در ايجاد لک سهيم ميدانند.

علل ديگر:

- مصرف دارو بويژه داروهای هورمونی و بخصوص داروهای پيشگيری از حاملگی ( بصورت
قرص ؛ تزريقي ويا کاشتني ).... داروهای ديگر نيز در بروز آن نقش دارند ، از جمله داروهای اعصاب.

- تغييـرات هورموني در بـدن از جـمله کـيستهاي متعـدد تخمــدان ( pco ) و يا بيماری غــده فوق کليوی.

با پيشگيری از تابش اشعه خورشيد بطور مستقيم بر روی صورت از ايجاد لک تا حد زيادی ميتوان جـلوگـيري کرد. مصرف کرمهای ضد آفتاب بطور منظم با عيار بالاتر از 20 به فواصل هر

۳ ساعت و همچـنين اجـتناب ار تابش نور خـورشـيد بطـور مسـتقـيم بر روی صورت در افراد مستعـد از ايجـاد لک ميتوان پيشگيري نمود. برای از بين بردن لک با تجويز پزشک متخصص از کرمهای حــاوی هـيدروکـينون با در صد های گـوناگـون ( نبايد بيشتر از6 تا 7 درصد باشد ) ميتوان اسـتفاده نمود.

روشـهای ديگـر در درمان لک صورت:

لايه برداری ( peeling )
سايش پوست بوسيله ميکانيکـي ( dermabresion & salabresion ) و لـيزر ميباشـد کـه بسـته به پوسـت افـراد انتخـاب ميشود . افـراد با رنگ چـشــم روشـن و مـوهـای روشــن مـقـــدار رنگـدانـه پـوسـتی کـمتری نسـبت به پوسـتهای تيره دارند و به همين دليل نور آفتاب بيشتر در پوست اين افراد نفوذ دارد و چون يکی از اثرات نور آفتاب ايجاد لک صورت و همچنين كــک و مک ميباشـد برای پيشگيری و درمان اين افراد نياز مبرم به ضد آفتاب دارند.

يکی از درمانهاي لک صـورت همچـنان که قـبلاُ نيز گفته شد استفاده از پيـلينگ ميباشد. ولي اين روش مناسب همه افراد نمي باشد . چـون افراد با رنگ پوست تيره اصلاْ مناسـب پيلينگ نميباشند. چــون يکی از عـوارض پيلـينگ خـود لک ميباشـد و شانـس ايجـاد لک در افراد با پوست تيره خيلی بالا است .

درمان ديگر لک صورت ليزر درماني ميباشد .

هيچکدام از روشهاي درمانی لک صورت دائمي نيست و در يک جلسه نيز انجام نميگيرد و نياز به تجـديد درمان دارد و ادامه درمان دارد ، زيرا استـعداد افراد براي ايجاد لک که با اين روشــهاي درمانــی برطرف نميگردد . مصرف ضد آفتاب در افراد مستعد يک نياز حياتي در درمان و پيشگيری از لک ميباشد .

روز پزشک

پزشکی دانش شناخت بیماری‌ها، تشخیص، درمان و جلوگیری از بروز آنهاست.

در روزگاران کهن، این دانش برای مردم ناشناخته بود و بیماری‌ها را ناشی از عوامل ماوراء طبیعی می‌ دانستند، لذا برای درمان آنها به سحر و جادو دست می زدند.
همگام با پیشرفت سایر علوم، بنیان های علم پزشکی نیز دگرگون شدند. پیدایش مداوم دانسته‌ها و اطلاعات به همراه اکتشافات متعدد در رشته‌های علوم پایه ی پزشکی، به «علم نوین پزشکی» منجر گردیده ‌است. این علم اگرچه پایه‌های خود را از دانسته‌های گذشته گرفته ‌است و هنوز نیز از علوم سنتی به عنوان منبع استفاده می کند، ولی روش آن مبتنی بر استانداردهای سخت علمی است.

یكم شهریور ماه سالروز ولادت بزرگ دانشمند و طبیب برجسته نامدار ایرانی، شیخ الرئیس ابوعلی سینا است که به همین مناسبت روز پزشك نامگذاری شده است.

ابن سینا (شیخ الرئیس ابوعلی سینا) یا پور سینا دانشمند، فیلسوف و پزشک ایرانی، 450 کتاب در زمینه‌های گوناگون نوشته‌است که تعداد زیادی از آن‌ها در مورد پزشکی و فلسفه‌است. جرج سارتون او را مشهورترین دانشمند سرزمین‌های اسلامی می‌داند که یکی از معروف‌ترین‌ها در همه ی زمان‌ها و مکان‌ها و نژادها است.

کتاب معروف او کتاب "قانون" در زمینه پزشکی است. ابن سینا به نام حسین پسر عبدالله در سال 370 هجری قمری متولد شد و در سال 428 هجری قمری درگذشت. نام او را به تفاریق ابن سینا، ابوعلی سینا و پور سینا گفته‌اند.

در برخی منابع نام کامل او با ذکر القاب چنین آمده: حجة‌الحق، شرف‌الملک، شیخ الرئیس، ابوعلی، حسین بن عبدالله، ابن سینا و البخاری. وی صاحب تألیفات بسیاری است و مهم‌ترین کتاب‌های او عبارت‌اند از: " شفا " در زمینه فلسفه و منطق؛ و " قانون" در زمینه پزشکی.

جامعه پزشكی ایران اسلامی، علاوه بر برخورداری از چنین پیشینه ارزشمند و افتخار انتساب روز پزشك به زادروز طبیب و فیلسوف نامدار ایران اسلامی شیخ الرئیس ابن سینا، فرصت مغتنمی است تا در این روز بزرگ با همفكری، همراهی و مساعدت همه مجامع و نیروهای دلسوز جامعه پزشكی سیاست ها و راهكارهای ترویج و اشاعه ارزش های معنوی و اخلاق پزشكی و ارتقاء جایگاه و منزلت شاغلین حرفه های پزشكی را مورد بازخوانی و توجه قرار داده و با برنامه ریزی و بهره مندی از توانمندی های ملی، در جهت حل و رفع معضلات و مشكلات جامعه پزشكی كشور، به ویژه پزشكان جوان تلاش بیشتری نماید.

سوگند نامه پزشکي

سوگند نامه پزشکي:

" اكنون كه با عنايات و الطاف بيكران الهي در شرف پذيرفتن مسئوليت خطير پزشكي قرار گرفته ام ... من در برابر قرآن كريم به خداوند قادر متعال ، خدايي كه بر همه امور آگاه است و تمامي موجودات در قبضه قدرت اوست سوگند ياد مي كنم كه به احكام مقدس اسلام و حدود الهي با ديده احترام بنگرم ، از خيانت و تضييع حقوق بيماران به طور جدي پرهيز كنم . نسبت به حفظ اسرار آنان جز در مواقع ايجاب ضرورت شرعي پايبندي كامل داشته باشم و خدا را در همه حال حاضر و ناظر شئون خود بدانم ."

Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)

Doctors Without Borders / Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international medical humanitarian organization created by doctors and journalists in France in 1971.

Today, MSF provides aid in nearly 60 countries to people whose survival is threatened by violence, neglect, or catastrophe, primarily due to armed conflict, epidemics, malnutrition, exclusion from health care, or natural disasters. MSF provides independent, impartial assistance to those most in need. MSF reserves the right to speak out to bring attention to neglected crises, to challenge inadequacies or abuse of the aid system, and to advocate for improved medical treatments and protocols.

In 1999, MSF received the Nobel Peace Prize.

MSF's work is based on the humanitarian principles of medical ethics and impartiality. The organization is committed to bringing quality medical care to people caught in crisis regardless of race, religion, or political affiliation.


In 1985, MSF spoke out against the Ethiopian government's forced displacement of hundreds of thousands of its population; took the unprecedented step of calling for an international military response to the 1994 Rwandan genocide; condemned the Serbian massacre of civilians at Srebrenica in 1995; denounced the Russian bombardment of the Chechen capital, Grozny in 1999; and called for international attention to the crisis in Darfur in 2004 and 2005 at the United Nations Security Council.

In 2007, MSF called for international attention to the increased targeting of civilians in conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Chad, and Somalia; advocated for the widespread adoption of new protocols for the treatment of malnutrition to include the use of ready-to-use foods; challenged pharmaceutical company Novartis's court case opposing the production of generic medicines in India, which produces an estimated 80 percent of the developing world's medicines; and spoke out against the plan of the governments of Thailand and Laos threatened to forcibly return nearly 8,000 Hmong refugees to Laos.

For more information see http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/

Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and survival. A lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life contributes to over a million avoidable child deaths each year.

Globally less than 40% of infants under six months of age are exclusively breastfed. Adequate breastfeeding support for mothers and families could save many young lives.

Source: World Health Organization (WHO)

Doctors' Day

History of Doctors' Day

The first Doctors' Day observance was held on March 30, 1933, by the Barrow County Alliance, in Winder, Georgia. The idea of setting aside a day to honor physicians was conceived by Eudora Brown Almond, wife of Dr. Charles B. Almond, and the recognition occurred on the anniversary of the first administration of anesthesia by Dr. Crawford W. Long in Barrow County, Georgia, in 1842.

The Alliance immediately adopted the following resolution: "WHEREAS the Alliance to the Barrow County Medical Society wishes to pay lasting tribute to the Doctors, therefore, be it RESOLVED by the Alliance to the Barrow County Medical that March 30, the day that famous Georgian Dr. Crawford W. Long first used ether anesthesia in surgery, be adopted as 'Doctors Day,' the object to be the well-being and honor of the profession, its observance demanding some act of kindness, gift or tribute in remembrance of the Doctors."


This first observance included the mailing of cards to the physicians and their wives, flowers placed on graves of deceased doctors, including Dr. Long, and a formal dinner in the home of Dr. and Mrs. William T. Randolph. After the Barrow County Alliance adopted Mrs. Almond's resolution to pay tribute to the doctors, the plan was presented to the Georgia State Medical Alliance in 1933 by Mrs. E. R. Harris of Winder, president of the Barrow County Alliance. On May 10, 1934, the resolution was adopted at the annual state meeting in Augusta, Georgia. The resolution was introduced to the Women's Alliance of the Southern Medical Association at its 29th annual meeting held in St. Louis, Missouri, November 19-22, 1935, by the Alliance president, Mrs. J. Bonar White. Since then, Doctors' Day has become an integral part of and synonymous with, the Southern Medical Association Alliance. Through the years the red carnation has been used as the symbol of Doctors' Day.

Immunizations

What are immunizations?

Immunizations help protect you or your child from disease. They also help reduce the spread of disease to others and prevent epidemics. Most are given as shots. They are sometimes called vaccines, or vaccinations.

In many cases when you get a vaccine, you get a tiny amount of the organism that causes the disease. This amount is not enough to give you the actual disease. But it is enough to cause your immune system to make antibodies that can recognize and attack the organism if you are ever exposed to it.

Sometimes a vaccine does not completely prevent the disease, but it will make the disease much less serious if you do get it.

Some immunizations are given only once. Others require several doses over time.

Why should you get immunized?

• Immunizations protect you or your child from dangerous diseases.
• They help reduce the spread of disease to others.
• Getting immunized costs less than getting treated for the diseases that the shots protect you from.
• Vaccines have very few serious side effects.
• They are often needed for entrance into school or day care.

If you are a woman who is planning to get pregnant, talk to your doctor about what immunizations you have had and what you may need to protect your baby. And if you live with a pregnant woman, make sure that your vaccines are up-to-date.

Traveling to other countries may be another reason to get immunized. Talk with your doctor 6 months before you leave to see if you need any shots.

What immunizations are recommended for children?

Ask your doctor what shots your child should get. Your doctor may recommend other shots too, if your child is more likely to have certain health problems.

The standard childhood immunization schedule includes vaccines for:

• Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (also known as whooping cough).
• Polio.
• Measles, mumps, and rubella.
• Chickenpox.
• Rotavirus.
• Hepatitis B.
• Hepatitis A.
• Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, or Hib disease. This infection can lead to serious illness in young children, including pneumonia and meningitis.
• Pneumococcal disease. This infection can also cause pneumonia and meningitis, as well as other serious illnesses, in young children.
• Flu (influenza). This vaccine is not given to children younger than 6 months.

Immunizations start right after birth and are given throughout a baby's first 23 months. Booster shots are usually given between the ages of 4 years and 6 years. Booster shots are the later doses of any vaccines that need to be repeated over time.

Fewer immunizations are needed after age 6. But older children and teens need shots too (such as those for bacterial meningitis and for tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough). Some shots are also given during adulthood (such as a tetanus shot).

It is important to keep a good record, including a list of any reactions to the vaccines. You may need to show proof of immunizations when you enroll your child in day care or school.

Talk to your doctor if you or your child plans to be in a group-living situation, like a college dormitory or summer camp. You may want certain shots, like those for the flu or meningitis.

Source: Yahoo Health

USMLE Free Tests

The following links provide free useful resources and tests to prepare yourself for USMLE:

- TestPrepReview: http://www.testprepreview.com/usmle_practice.htm

- MomMD: http://www.mommd.com/usmletestsampler.shtml

- 4Tests: http://www.4tests.com/exams/examdetail.asp?eid=77

United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)

The United States Medical Licensing Examination or USMLE is a multi-part professional exam sponsored by the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). Medical doctors are required to pass before being permitted to practice medicine in the United States of America. It consists of three steps; all three must be passed before an MD medical school graduate is eligible to apply for a license to practice medicine in the United States. U.S. osteopathic medical school graduates are permitted to take the USMLE for medical licensure, but they may also get medical licensure in most states by taking the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) instead. Students who have graduated from non-US medical schools must pass all three steps of the USMLE to be licensed to practice in the US, regardless of the title of their degree. Overall pass rates for first time USMLE Step 1 test takers are: 93% for U.S. MD medical school graduates, 76% for U.S. osteopathic medical school graduates, and 71% for foreign medical school graduates.

Step 1
USMLE Step 1 assesses whether medical school students or graduates understand and can apply important concepts of the sciences basic to the practice of medicine. As of 2007 it covers the following subjects, in both systemic (general and individual anatomical characteristics) and procedural (functional, therapeutic, environmental, and ab/normality) themes:
* Anatomy
* Behavioral sciences
* Biochemistry
* Microbiology
* Pathology
* Pharmacology
* Physiology
* Interdisciplinary topics, such as nutrition, genetics, and aging.

US medical students usually take Step 1 at the end of the second year of medical school. It is an eight-hour computer-based exam consisting of 336 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) divided into seven blocks each consisting of 48 questions. As of summer 2008, some questions include audio and video. Each block must be finished within an hour. The remaining hour is break time. An optional tutorial about how to use the computer program of the exam is offered at the beginning of the exam and takes 15 minutes. This time is deducted from the hour of allotted break time. The scores are reported with a three digit score and a two digit score. As of January 1, 2007, the passing score has been raised to 185 from a previous score of 182. The average score is approximately 215. If the student passes the exam, he or she may not repeat the exam to achieve a higher score. Theoretically, the maximum score is 300 [3]. However, scores above 280 are virtually unheard of. While not recommended by the creators of the USMLE, the Step 1 score is frequently used in medical residency applications as a measure of a candidate's likelihood to succeed in that particular residency (and on that specialty's board exams). More competitive residency programs usually accept applications with higher Step 1 scores. The Step 1 exam is arguably the hardest and most important examination a medical student will take during his/her career. The USMLE score is just one of many factors considered by residency programs in selecting applicants. The median USMLE Step 1 scores for graduates of U.S. Medical Schools for various residencies are available in Chart 10 on page 11 of "Charting Outcomes in the Match" available at http://www.aamc.org/programs/cim/chartingoutcomes.pdf

Step 2
USMLE Step 2 is designed to assess whether medical school students or graduates can apply medical knowledge, skills and understanding of clinical science essential for provision of patient care under supervision. US medical students typically take Step 2 during the fourth year of medical school. Step 2 is further divided into two separate exams. USMLE Step 2 CK is designed to assess clinical knowledge through a traditional, multiple-choice examination. It is a 9 hour exam consisting of 8 blocks of 46 or 47 questions each. The subjects included in this exam are clinical sciences like Internal Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Obstetrics & Gynecology. USMLE Step 2 CS is designed to assess clinical skills through simulated patient interactions, in which the examinee interacts with standardized patients portrayed by actors. Each examinee faces 12 Standardized Patients (SPs) and has 15 minutes to complete history taking and clinical examination for each patient, and then 10 more minutes to write a patient note describing the findings, initial differential diagnosis list and a list of initial tests. Administration of the Step 2-CS began in 2004. The cost for this test is approx. $1200, plus added expenses related to travel, lodging, and food to and in the one of only five cities in which they offer the test. The examination is offered in five cities across the country:
* Philadelphia (PA)
* Chicago (IL)
* Atlanta (GA)
* Houston (TX)
* Los Angeles (CA)

Before 2004, a similar exam, the Clinical Skills Assessment (CSA) was used to assess the clinical skills of foreign medical graduates.

Step 3
USMLE Step 3 is designed to assess whether a medical school graduate can apply medical knowledge and understanding of biomedical and clinical science essential for the unsupervised practice of medicine. Graduates of US medical schools typically take this exam at the end of the first year of residency. Foreign medical graduates can take Step 3 before starting residency in about ten U.S. states. Connecticut is frequently chosen for such purpose because it does not require simultaneous application for licensure, unlike New York. Step 3 is a two-day examination. Each day of testing must be completed within eight hours. The first day of testing includes 336 multiple-choice items divided into blocks, each consisting of 48 items. Examinees must complete each block within sixty minutes. The second day of testing includes 144 multiple-choice items, divided into blocks of 36 items. Examinees are required to complete each block within forty-five minutes. Approximately 3 hours are allowed for these multiple-choice item blocks. Also on the second day are nine Clinical Case Simulations, where the examinees are required to 'manage' patients in real-time case simulations. Examinees enter orders for medications and/or investigations into the simulation software, and the condition of the patient changes accordingly. Each case must be managed in a maximum of 25 minutes of actual time. Approximately forty-five minutes to one hour is available for break time on each of the two days of testing.

COMLEX-USA

COMLEX-USA or Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination is a series of three osteopathic medical licensing examinations administered by the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) similar to the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). COMLEX-USA is the most common pathway by which osteopathic physicians (D.O.'s) apply for licensure, and is accepted in all 50 states. The 3-digit standard scores of COMLEX-USA Level 1, Level 2-CE, and Level 3 have a mean of 500.


Level One Step one is taken after the second year of medical school. It is administered in one day and consists of two, four-hour exam sessions separated by a 40-minute break. Each four-hour session also includes a ten-minute break. Candidates are expected to know the basic mechanisms of health and disease process. Specifically, level one covers basic medical sciences, including:
* anatomy
* behavioral science
* biochemistry
* microbiology
* osteopathic principles
* pathology
* pharmacology
* physiology

Level Two Level two, taken during the fourth year of medical school, consists of two parts: Level 2-CE and Level 2-PE. Level 2-CE requires candidates to demonstrate knowledge of clinical concepts and medical decision-making. It is problem-based and symptoms-based, integrating the clinical disciplines of:
* emergency medicine
* family medicine
* internal medicine
* obstetrics/gynecology
* osteopathic principles
* pediatrics
* psychiatry
* surgery

Level 2-PE was introduced in 2005. It is a one-day, seven-hour exam and utilizes standardized patients (actors trained to present clinical symptoms) to test clinical skills. Specifically, candidates must demonstrate proficiency in:
* history taking and physical examination skills
* integrated differential diagnosis and clinical problem solving
* written communication and synthesis of clinical findings (SOAP note format)
* osteopathic principles and/or osteopathic manipulative treatment

Level Three The final exam, level three, is typically taken after starting residency and, like step two, covers the clinical disciplines of medicine, including:
* emergency medicine
* family medicine
* internal medicine
* obstetrics/gynecology
* osteopathic principles
* pediatrics
* psychiatry
* surgery

Best Medical Schools (Ranked in 2008)

Best Medical Schools (Ranked in 2008)

Research Rank	Primary Care Rank	University Name	Out-of-state tuition and fees	2007 Total medical school enrollment
1	7	Harvard University	$41,861	758
2	26	Johns Hopkins University	$40,669	460
3	13	Washington University in St.	$43,380	591
4	31	University of Pennsylvania	$42,706	585
5	6	University of California--San Francisco	$35,683	594
5	41	Duke University	$41,817	404
7	1	University of Washington	$41,904	826
8	58	Stanford University	$41,904	472
9	12	University of California--Los Angeles (Geffen)	$34,796	693
10		Yale University	$40,770	395
11	58	Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons	$45,213	645
11	17	University of Michigan--Ann Arbor	$39,119	671
13	7	Baylor College of Medicine	$25,948	681
14	35	University of California--San Diego	$35,204	521
15	20	University of Pittsburgh	$39,856	582
16	51	University of Chicago (Pritzker)	$38,658	441
16	49	Vanderbilt University	$39,511	417
18		Cornell University (Weill)	$40,890	410
19	2	University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill	$35,585	736
20	48	Emory University	$39,976	480
20	51	Northwestern University (Feinberg)	$43,140	700
22	26	University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center--Dallas	$25,694	909
23	51	Case Western Reserve University	$43,206	711
23	35	Mayo Medical School	$29,700	160
23		Mount Sinai School of Medicine	$38,528	506

Source: USNews.com